How do IP stresser tools exploit network vulnerabilities?

IP stresser tools exploit various network vulnerabilities, primarily by overwhelming the target's bandwidth, CPU, and memory resources. They often use techniques like UDP flooding, SYN flooding, and HTTP flood attacks to saturate the target's network connections. By sending a massive volume of requests, they exhaust the target's ability to process legitimate traffic, leading to a denial of service. The distributed nature amplifies the effect.