How does incorrect or corrupted web.config file cause 500 Internal Server Error in IIS, and how to fix it?

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Grade: Education Subject: Support
How does incorrect or corrupted web.config file cause 500 Internal Server Error in IIS, and how to fix it?
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A malformed web.config file (e.g., invalid XML, incorrect syntax, missing closing tags) can cause a 500.19 error. Validate the web.config file using an XML validator or the IIS Configuration Editor. Common fixes include correcting syntax errors, removing invalid modules or handlers, and ensuring proper file permissions.